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To sum up, GLP-1RAs improve cardiomyocyte/cardiac fibroblast dysfunction by making balancing energy metabolism, and multiple pathways related to AMPK to inhibit cardiac apoptosis

The modulation of enteric neuronal function and serotonin signaling by GLP-1R agonists contributes to reduced visceral hypersensitivity and pain [52, 53]

By suggesting that reduced leptin secondary to weight suppression diminishes postprandial GLP-1 responses and thereby alters reward processing, the model explains how historical weight trajectories may influence current eating behavior through GLP-1mediated mechanisms [59]

CANVAS demonstrated a 14% reduction in MACE in patients with T2DM and a high cardiovascular risk ( 4.1.2 Cardiovascular results in studies aimed at CVD The CREDENCE clinical trial evaluated the effects of canagliflozin (100 mg daily) versus placebo in 4,401 patients with T2DM and CKD